![]() ![]() ![]() Module 1 Part A- General Survey and Pain Assessment.Module 3 Part B- Infection Control-Precautions.Module 9- Respiratory Anatomy and Function.Nursing Fundamentals- Study Guide Exam 1.Nursing Fundamentals Study guide Exam 2.Nursing Fundamentals Study Guide- Exam 3.Lung sounds.Related Studylists Med Surg 1 (NRS 3015) Preview text Crackles (AKA Rales): Heard with build up of in lungs High pitched, discontinuous sound Sounds staticy Usually heard at end of inspiration Typically does not clear with coughing Classified relative coarseness: Fine Medium Coarse Pneumonia: Can hear crackles in pneumonia patients Alveolar air space is filled with of Hear bronchial breath sounds in areas of consolidation but vesicular everywhere else Pulmonary Edema Patient develops crackles as a result of excess of fluid accumulation in alveoli If person has great deal of fluid, crackles become more coarse over time As we treat patient and fluid is leaving lungs, crackles will then start to reverse A patient who has pulmonary edema will complain about being short of breath, have lower O2 saturation rate, and productive cough Wheeze: High pitched, continuous Musical, squeaking Whistle sound Heard on both inspiration and expiration Air is being forced through narrow airways (swelling, tumor, etc.) Usually louder on expiration Asthma: Asthmatic patient will have wheeze Affects people of all ages Asthmatic attack due to any trigger Airway narrow, muscles around airway constrict, lungs swell Lead to shortness of breath and chest tightness Stridor: High pitched crowing sound on inspiration Associated with upper airway obstruction and croup Usually heard with inspiration Croup: Childhood viral illness associated with stridor (inspiration) and barking sound on expiration Croup itself does not affect lungs but swells through and upper airways Rhonchi: Low pitched, continuous Snoring or rumbling Usually heard during inspiration and expiration May clear with coughing Pleural Friction Rub: Low pitched, dry grating sound Caused rubbing of inflamed pleural surfaces Heard during inspiration and expiration Pleurisy: Condition where you would hear Pleural Friction Rub Inflammation of lung lining surfactant Painful and shallow breathing Pleural Effusion: Diminished or absent breath sounds or affected areas have abnormal breath sounds but diminished or no breath sounds Pneumthorax: Collapsed lung Collection of air in space around lung, putting pressure on lung and it is not able to expand hear any breath sounds on the affected side and normal on other side ![]() Physical signs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Inspiratory crackles - early and late - revisited: Identifying COPD by crackle characteristics. The relationship between crackle characteristics and airway morphology in COPD. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. We link primary sources - including studies, scientific references, and statistics - within each article and also list them in the resources section at the bottom of our articles. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. ![]()
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